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An interdisciplinary examination of attentional focus strategies used during running gait retraining

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Author
Moore, Isabel
Phillips, Daniel
Ashford, Kelly
Mullen, Richard
Goom, Thomas
Gittoes, Marianne J.R.
Date
2019-06-17
Acceptance date
2019-05-27
Date Deposited
2019-06-04
Type
Article
acceptedVersion
Publisher
Wiley
ISSN
0905-7188
1600-0838 (online)
Metadata
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Abstract
The aim was to investigate the biomechanical, physiological and perceptual responses to different motor learning strategies derived to elicit a flatter foot contact. Twenty‐eight, rearfoot‐striking recreational runners (age 24.9±2.8 years; body mass 78.8±13.6 kg; height 1.79±0.09 m) were matched by age, mass and height and assigned to one verbal cue group: internal focus of attention (IF), external focus of attention (EF) and a clinically derived condition (CLIN) incorporating an IF followed by an EF statement. Participants completed two treadmill runs at 10 km.h‐1 for six minutes each: normal running (control) followed by the experimental condition (IF, EF or CLIN). Lower limb kinematics, oxygen consumption (V̇02 )and central and peripheral ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each run. Compared to the control condition, foot angle was reduced in the IF (difference=5.86°, d=2.58) and CLIN (difference=3.00°, d=1.31) conditions, but unchanged in the EF (difference=0.33°, d=0.14) condition, whilst greater knee flexion at initial contact in the EF and CLIN conditions was observed (difference=‐5.19°, d=1.97; difference=‐3.66°, d=1.39, respectively). A higher V̇02 was observed in the CLIN condition (difference=‐4.56 ml.kg‐1.min‐1, d=2.29), but unchanged in the IF (difference = ‐1.87 ml.kg‐1.min‐1, d=0.94) and EF conditions (difference=‐0.37 ml.kg‐1.min‐1, d=0.19). All experimental conditions increased central and peripheral RPE (difference=‐1.08, d=0.54 and difference=‐2.39, d=1.33 respectively). Providing gait retraining instructions using an internally directed focus of attention was the most effective way to target specific changes in running kinematics, with no detrimental effect on physiological responses. Yet, perceptual effort responses increased regardless of the type of cue provided.
Journal/conference proceeding
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports;
Citation
Moore, I.S., Phillips, D.J., Ashford, K.J., Mullen, R., Goom, T. and Gittoes, M.R. (2019) 'An interdisciplinary examination of attentional focus strategies used during running gait retraining', Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(10), pp.1572-1582. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13490
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10369/10537
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13490
Description
Article published in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports on 17 June 2019, available at https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13490
Rights
http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
Sponsorship
Cardiff Metropolitan University (Grant ID: Cardiff Metropolian (Internal))
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