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The Effectiveness of Psychological Skills Training and Behavioral Interventions in Sport using Single-Case Designs: A Meta Regression Analysis of the Peer-Reviewed Studies

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Author
Barker, Jamie
Slater, Matthew
Pugh, Geoffrey
Mellalieu, Stephen D.
McCarthy, Paul
Jones, Marc
Moran, Aidan
Date
2020-09-02
Acceptance date
2020-06-10
Date Deposited
2020-06-11
Type
Article
acceptedVersion
Publisher
Elsevier
ISSN
1878-5476
Embargoed until
2022-09-02
Metadata
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Abstract
We used a novel meta regression analysis approach principles to examine the effectiveness of psychological skills training and behavioral interventions in sport assessed using single-case experimental designs (SCEDs). One hundred and twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria applied to eight database searches and key sport psychology journals. Seventy-one studies reported sufficient detail for effect sizes to be calculated for the effects of psychological skills training on psychological, behavioral, and performance variables. The unconditional mean effect size for weighted ( = 2.40) and unweighted ( = 2.83) models suggested large improvements in psychological, behavioral, and performance outcomes associated with implementing cognitive-behavioral psychological skills training and behavioral interventions with a SCED. However, meta-regression analysis revealed important heterogeneities and sources of bias within this literature. First, studies using a group-based approach reported lower effect sizes compared to studies using single-case approaches. Second, the single-case studies, (over 90 per cent the effect sizes), revealed upwardly biased effect sizes arising from: (i) positive publication bias such that studies using lower numbers of baseline observations reported larger effects, while studies using larger numbers of baseline observations reported smaller – but still substantial – effects; (ii) not adopting a multiple baseline design; and (iii) not establishing procedural reliability. We recommend that future researchers using SCED’s should consider these methodological issues.
Journal/conference proceeding
Psychology of Sport and Exercise;
Citation
Barker, J.B., Slater, M.J., Pugh, G., Mellalieu, S.D., McCarthy, P.J., Jones, M.V. and Moran, A. (2020) 'The effectiveness of psychological skills training and behavioral interventions in sport using single-case designs: a meta regression analysis of the peer-reviewed studies', Psychology of Sport and Exercise, p.101746.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10369/11059
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101746
Description
Article published in Psychology of Sport and Exercise on 02 September 2020, available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101746.
Rights
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Sponsorship
Cardiff Metropolitan University (Grant ID: Cardiff Metropolian (Internal))
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