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Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells

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Author
Lawson, Matthew
Prytherch, Zoe
Jones, Tim
Adams, Rachel
BéruBé, Kelly
Date
2020-11-25
Acceptance date
2020-11-19
Type
Article
Publisher
MDPI
ISSN
2076-3417
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Abstract
Svalbard is an arctic archipelago where coal mining generates all electricity via the local coal-fired power station. Coal combustion produces a waste product in the form of particulate matter (PM) coal fly ash (CFA), derived from incombustible minerals present in the feed coal. PM ≤10 µm (diameter) may be “inhaled” into the human respiratory system, and particles ≤2.5 µm may enter the distal alveoli to disrupt normal pulmonary functions and trigger disease pathways. This study discovered that Svalbard CFA contained unusually high levels of iron-rich magnetic minerals that induced adverse effects upon human lungs cells. Iron is a well-characterised driver of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a driving force for cell death and disease. CFA physicochemical characterisation showed non-uniform particle morphologies indicative of coal burnt at inefficient combustion temperatures. The bioreactivity (ROS generation) of PM2.5/10 fractions was measured using plasmid scission assay (PSA, DNA damage) and haemolysis assays (erythrocyte lysis), with PM2.5 CFA showing significant bioreactivity. CFA leached in mild acid caused a significant increase in toxicity, which could occur in CFA waste-stores. The CFA and leachates were exposed to a surrogate model of human bronchial epithelia that confirmed that CFA induced apoptosis in bronchial cells. This study shows that CFA containing magnetic iron-rich minerals mediated adverse reactions in the human lung, and thus CFA should be considered to be an environmental inhalation hazard.
Journal/conference proceeding
Applied Sciences;
Citation
Lawson, M.J., Prytherch, Z.C., Jones, T.P., Adams, R.A. and BéruBé, K.A. (2020) 'Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells', Applied Sciences, 10(23), p.8368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10369/11239
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368
Description
Article published in Applied Science available open access at https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368
Rights
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sponsorship
Cardiff Metropolitan University (Grant ID: Cardiff Metropolian (Internal))
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  • Health and Risk Management [387]

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