The influence of crowd effects on competition stress and emotions on female football

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Author
Phipps, Sarah
Date
2013Publisher
Cardiff Metropolitan University
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Show full item recordAbstract
Existing sport psychology stress research informed by Lazarus’ (1999) CMRT
has failed to allude to the stress-emotion process in detail during specific sporting
situations. Consequently, this study aimed to provide a detailed insight into the
stressful experiences of players during a penalty shootout through semi-structured
interviews; specifically, examining the influence of the entire stress and emotion
process on penalty kick performance with and without a crowd present. The findings
showed that the majority of players showed debilitative perceptions towards
performance, resulting in them missing their shot. However, it has emerged that not
all non-elite performers have negative views of such stressful situations; thus,
contradicting previous research (e.g. Jones et al., 1993; 1995; Neil et al., 2011). This
investigation was the first to explore the stress-emotion process within a specific
sporting environment, thus providing a foundation for future research. Additionally,
the current study has provided coaches and sport psychologists with a fundamental
understanding of the stress process and its’ influence on performance. Furthermore,
relevant training programmes and psychological strategies can be implemented with
the ambition of achieving optimal performance in athletes.
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