The identification of metabolic thresholds during upper- and lower-body exercise

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Author
Wade, Same
Date
2013Publisher
Cardiff Metropolitan University
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Show full item recordAbstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine and compare the peak respiratory
and physiological variables, in both the upper- and lower- bodies of trained
triathlete, analyse delta efficiency (%DE) values for both exercise modes as well
calculating the %Wpeak at which the respiratory compensation point (RCP), lactate
threshold (LT) and lactate turnpoint (LTP) were achieved in participants. Method:
Seven trained male triathlete participants were selected for this study. There mean
(±SD) values of age (yrs), height (m) and body mass (kg) were 25 (3.1), 1.83
(5.15) and 72.6 (5.19), respectively. Participants completed two incremental tests
in both arm crank ergometry (ACE) and leg cycling (LC), with the required wattage
increasing in increments throughout both test until participants reached
exhaustion. A set crank rate of 75 rpm was enforced for ACE tests whilst
participants were able to select their own cadence strategy for LC tests. Results:
Mean (± SD) peak respiratory readings from both ACE and LC incremental tests
were recorded, they indicated significantly higher peak values during LC than
those of ACE. Significant values were found for HRpeak (184 ± 13 vs. 172 ± 26
bpm) and B [La] peak (9.5 ± 2.6 vs. 7.7 ± 2.8 mmol) for both (r= 0.97 and r= 0.93
respectively) modes of exercise. Significant mean values for respiratory exchange
ratio peaks (RER) for both ACE and LC (1.05 ± 0.07 and 1.08 ± 0.07, respectively)
were found (>0.05). The attainment of thresholds at %Wpeak were found to be
significantly higher in LC than ACE (%Wpeak LT- 67.74 ± 8.71 and 41.28 ± 8.47,
LTP- 79.19 ± 11.03 and 63.08 ± 7.97, respectively), additionally no significant
relationship was shown between attainment of thresholds in both LC and ACE at
%Wpeak. However significant mean values (>0.05) were found for the %Wpeak RCP
achieved during LC and ACE (78 ± 5 and 76.52 ± 9.68, respectively). The %DE
during both tests was found to be significantly higher during LC in comparison to
ACE (22.5 ± 2.9 and 15 ± 4.11, respectively), additionally no significance
correlation was found to exist between the two exercise modes. Findings: The
results of this study show that higher peak power, heart rates, B [La] and
respiratory readings are attained during LC than ACE, in additional LC proved to
be significantly more efficient during the incremental protocol in comparison to
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ACE. Triathletes achieved the RCP, LT and LTP at a higher %Wpeak during LC
than during ACE indicating that triathletes may have been more highly trained in
the LC mode of exercise than ACE therefore they were able to delay relative
attainment of thresholds for longer. The findings demonstrate higher mean peak,
efficiency and absolute values produced during lower body exercise than those of
upper body exercise giving coaching/ researchers a further insight into the
physiological values produced by multidisciplinary (cross) trained athletes, these
can be used in future and taken into consideration during construction of training
plan for these specific types of athletes.
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