Nitrate pharmacokinetics: taking note of the difference
Author
James, Philip
Willis, Gareth R.
Allen, Jason D.
Winyard, Paul G.
Jones, Andrew M.
Date
2015-08-01Acceptance date
2015-04-22
Type
Article
Publisher
Elsevier
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
It is now recognised that administration of oral nitrate (NO3
-
), in its various forms, increases the level
of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the circulation of humans. Its application to modulate physiology
and alleviate cardiovascular dysfunction in some patients is now recorded and shows particular
promise in hypertension, in modifying platelet activation/aggregation, and in conditions where tissue
ischemia prevails. The potential of oral NO3
-
to modify exercise/performance via elevation of plasma
nitrite concentration ([NO2
-
]) has been applied across a range of human test systems. Herein we
discuss how the choice of NO3
- source, route of administration and resulting pharmacokinetics might
influence the outcome of physiological measures and potentially contribute to discrepancies in
performance trials. There are but a few examples of detailed pharmacokinetic data on which the
majority of researchers base their test protocols in different cohorts/settings. We compare and contrast
the results of key publications with the aim of highlighting a consensus of our current understanding
and critical considerations for those entering the field.
Journal/conference proceeding
Nitric Oxide;
Citation
James, P.E., Willis, G.R., Allen, J.D., Winyard, P.G. and Jones, A.M. (2015) 'Nitrate pharmacokinetics: Taking note of the difference', Nitric Oxide, 48, pp.44-50.
URI
https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/17198/JamesNitricOxide2015%201-s2.0-S1089860315002086-main.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yhttp://hdl.handle.net/10369/8269
Description
This article was published in Nitric Oxide on 29 April 2015 (online), available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.006